Lisboa-a place you can visit and should revisit

 

 My Personal Experience and Enjoyment

Thirty-eight years back I went to Lisboa on a scholarship from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation for data collection for my Ph. D. in Indo-Portuguese history. Those were the days when we did not have access or affordability to own a mobile to capture fond memories or social media platforms to share fond memories, for that matter even a computer. I only owned a small camera where I could click some photos. In fact, I bought an Antares typewriter to type all my chapters and send it via air mail to my guide who was based in India. I always felt that someday, sometime I will revisit Lisboa and I got the opportunity to do so.

I strongly believe that all good experiences are etched in one’s mind come what may if it has been eons. With this background I decided to travel to Lisboa with my family. The family includes my husband, son and daughter-in-law. We visited them in the UK and then we planned for a week’s trip to Lisboa. Kudos to my son and daughter-in-law for planning the entire trip.

The Journey

We flew from Gatwick Airport (since we were in the UK) and the flight duration was short.
The momnt we landed in Lisboa I had to have my pastel de nata (Portuguese custard tart) at the airport, while the family was retrieving the luggage. Historically, the pastel de nata was made by Catholic monks even before the 18^th century.  It is told that egg yolks were used as starch for clothes and the left over yolks were made into custard and tarts, by priests and nuns. However, post the Revolution in 1820 the pasteis da nata was sold by nuns and priests to earn money. But soon a sugar factory bought the recipe and established the Fábrica de Pastéis de Belém in 1983. 

We reached the hotel and took some rest. The next morning, we went walking on the Avenidade de

Liberdidade, the avenue was built between 1879 and 1886 and is modeled after the boulevards in Paris. It became the address for people from upper class and the creation was a landmark in the Northwards expansion of the city. During our walk and we saw that the roads are dotted with several statues. The pavements known in Portuguese as calçada portuguesa or calçada (tiny square stones) and is made of limestone. They are hand laid and represent black and white waves ad include symbols and images of animals.

On the way we had sweet pineapple juice at Praca dp comercio-, the uniqueness is the way the pineapple is carved out and the juice extracted is served in the hollow part of the pineapple and the sliced pineapple pieces are placed on the rim of the fruit. In fact, this was available at the touristic spot.

 
We then went and had lunch at Timeout market which is the is the first market in the world where the food has been chosen, tested and tasted by food critics and journalists. It sprawls over 32,000 sq. ft. with 900 seats and has 26 restaurants & 6 kiosks. Being a vegetarian fortunately we could get food.

The next day we went to Sintra by train which was one the hot destination for the royal family. It was called glorious Eden by Lord Byron it has gardens, castles colourful villas and is surrounded by lush forest. When one walks through the forest you are taken back to fairy tales-Alice in Wonderland, Hansel and Gretel to name a few. In Sintra the mode of transport is bus or one can drive. But we chose to walk to enjoy the environment.

The next day we visited The Belém Tower (Torre de Belém). It was built between 1514 and 1520 by Francisco de Arruda, a Portuguese architect and sculptor in the Manuelino style. It was classified as a World Heritage Site in 1983 by UNESCO. The Belém Tower is built on the northern bank of the Tagus river today it serves as a light house and customs house.

Constructed on the northern bank of the Tagus River, this tower was used to defend the city. Years later, it was transformed into a lighthouse and customs house. It's located right by the Jerónimos Monastery, so we recommend visiting them on the same day. The towers include five floors and all the storeys are connected by a narrow and spiral staircase. Each floor had a designated usage – the King’s room, the chapel, family room, audience room and a roof terrace.

The Jerónimos Monastery is a beautiful structure which includes the Manueline, or Portuguese style of Late Gothic architecture. It has vaulted ceilings and sophisticated decorative elements, and the site reflects the clerical ecclesiastical and royal commissions that characterized the era in which it was built.

What I enjoyed the most was the huge monument - Padrão dos Descobrimentos situated on the banks of the Tagus river estuary, in Belém. It commemorates the departure of Vasco da Gama to India and the Orient in the 15th and 16 centuries, celebrating the Age of Discoveries

In the evening we went to the Pink street, which is known as the red light area. It used to be home for brothels and it is now dotted with bars, fenced cafes and gambling houses. The reflection of the lights actually gives a pink colour on the street.

The next day we drove to Lagos a town in Southern Portugal's Algarve region. It is an old town which has walls surrounding to include cliffs and the Atlantic Ocean. It is dotted with wooden steps which leads to the cove of Praia do Camilio. The scenario extends to a lighthouse, a castle, cliffs of Piedade and a church (from the 18th century) the Igreja de Santo António.

The next day we went to the Benagil cave, which is also known as Algar de Benagil. It is not only famous but has beautiful caves. History says that the natural caves are more than 20 million years old. Due to erosion the caves have developed cavities in limestone. The boat ride was for around two hours and the natural formation of the caves, mountain ridges was fascinating. We were unlucky to not encounter any dolphins. Our boat “captain” wisely said we do not bait the dolphins by throwing food into the ocean and I thought that was a good approach.

Our last leg was Sagres is located in the extreme southwest of continental Europe. (estimated straight-line path over land-11,241 km, ending near Jinjiang in the People's Republic of China.

We visited the Fortress of Sagres – Fortaleza de Sagres. It is a 15th century fort which has strong walls which tower over the cliffs and served as a stronghold from enemies and invaders. Sagres appears to be a small town with a laid back attitude, there is no chaos or hustle-bustle, despite attracting tourists. The São Vicente – Farol de São Vicente, lighthouse was initially   occupied by the Franciscan monks and hence the name.

We went to a restaurant and had lunch and drove to the airport at Lisbon

We spent most of the day in seeing some sights, since we had to drive back to Lisboa to catch our return flight to the UK. 

The Denture Experience

 

I had been suffering from tooth ache for some time and hence decided to visit my dentist. She asked me to take a dental x-ray and I was shocked to see the condition of my teeth. Dr. S advised me to extract all my teeth which of course shocked me. Professionally I am a trainer and a communicator and I am expected to be communicating (orally a lot of time) with stakeholders and professional acquaintances. So it hit me as to how am I going to look toothless? Will I be able to speak? How will I look? To top it all I had a couple of important events (thank fully virtual events).

The whole process took around a month. I remember that I had speak to the dentist, Dr. S to understand the process. She painstakingly explained to me the entire procedure and took into consideration my professional work too. Thank you for that Dr. S.

So the 1^st step was to see how many teeth will be removed at a time and how do we phase it out. Dr. J who extracted my teeth was a gentle person. I used to shout in pain, sometimes be dramatic (I think). The fun started when I had to be conscious that I did not have any teeth. I remember that I had to blow away the cream from my coffee and when I tried doing it, no air come out 😀. So I had to use a spoon to remove the cream.

A lot of time I used to put tooth paste on my brush and then realised that there were no teeth to brush.   

Then came the next phase to take the impression (we had to wait to ensure that there were no lesions or ulcers). Dr. M was a kind and patient person. 

Impressions were taken then fitting and some minor adjustments (what is called as filing). Thank you to all the doctors and Shoba.

I am now getting used to the dentures. I can proudly say that I managed to participate and speak (almost normally) in 2 key events in our organisation.

Moral of the story: Don’t take things for granted, take care of yourself as much as possible.

 

 

Swiss Tales-a Road Trip

I consider myself lucky. I had the opportunity to attend a conference e in Geneva in the first week of February. The first few thought that came to mind was WOW, this is the first time I will be visiting Switzerland, it will be snowing, should I stay back for a couple of days, post the conference, to travel and see some places. The answer to my last question was YES. So I spoke to my son and daughter-in-law who are based in London, to check out if they are available for a road trip in Switzerland, they were game for it! So the planning started and both of them ably charted a road trip and the journey began from Geneva.

We hired a car, from Europcar, and drove through Lausanne, to a tiny but picturesque village – Miège - where we had booked accommodation in an Air BnB. A comfortable 2 bedroom, one bathroom, flat equipped with a kitchen, living area and a small sit out. Basic utensils were provided. What stood out was clear instructions were provided to the guests on how to enter the house by punching in numbers in a secure door lock, and what to do and what not to do. Instructions and contact details to supermarkets, restaurants, takeaways were provided. We reached our accommodation late in the evening and on our way had picked up some grocery and food. Me being a vegetarian, I had to carefully pick up food that I could eat and it was pretty easy. I believe that with most of the world understating vegetarianism and vegans, grocery shops also stock food to cater to people like me. It took us around 4 hours to reach Miège from Geneva as we stopped a few times. The drive was lovely, all you could see was the contours of the Alps, different shapes and sizes. Some were capped with snow, some were bare and some were dotted with pine trees. Miège is a municipality in the district of Sierre and boasts of a unique mixture of history, culture, marketplace and restaurant. It is also a place to taste one of the finest vines. Like, in India we have coffee and tea estates attached to residences, vine yards were spotted outside people’s home.

Miege, Switzerland-Notre Dame replica- Miège is first mentioned in 1226 as Mieio. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Miesen, however, that name is no longer used. Miege houses a replica of the famous Notre Dame cathedral. After traveling around the quaint little town we returned to our house at Miege-the ski village.

The next day we woke up to a barrage of snow. Our car, the lawn, roads the mountains were all carpeted with thick snow. Surely we were disappointed, assuming that we had to be caged in the house. But when we saw the neighbours shoveling their drive way, the city civic authorities sending vehicles (that looked like tractors) clearing the road of snow. This gave us an impetus to get ready, armed with layers of warm clothes and some snacks and water, we drove out of Lausanne. Our first stop was Lake Blausse.  

Blausee is a small lake in the Kander valley above Kandergrund at 887 metres, administratively, it belongs to the Bernese Oberland. The small lake, which is really more a pond, is in the middle of a beautiful 22-acre nature park. According to a legend it is said that a maid lived close by and fell in love with a shepherd. Every day they would row on the lake and spend some romantic moments in the moonlit nights. Unfortunately, one day the shepherd fell off the cliff and died. The maid, would row everyday to mourn for the loss of the shepherd but drowned to death. Legend says that the lake turned to an intense blue colour which matched the maids eye colour.

Factually the lake was created by a landslide over 15,000 years ago. The water is crystal clear and is at a constant cool temperature.

Our second stop was Zermatt, what comes to one’s mind when you think of Zermatt is the Matterhorn Peak. Zermatt is famous for its Ski resorts and is a transport free village. The only way in and out is a train from the neighbouring village - Täsch . Our adventure started after we took a funicular to Sunnega (this houses people and all the ski equipment) and then walked down the ski slope.  We checked with the Tourist centre, since we wanted to go and have a meal at the famous Chef Vrony at Findeln. What we didn’t realise was that when the officer mentioned it is only 10 minutes walk, it was on the snow  ski slope meant to advanced skiers and not tourists on foot! We saw young, old, children where the mothers were holding a harness and skiing after them. This made one realize that people will do anything for the love of skiing. Holding my daughter-in-law’s hand I managed to walk on snow for 45 minutes. The journey was full of adventure, slipped twice – like a professional ballerina – legs in a shape of a diamond, felt scared a couple of times, but never gave up.

Our journey to eat at the Chef Vrony-Findeln was surely an adventure. It is precariously perched on a peak. Originally it was a Swiss Chalet and is today a Michelin-star restaurant, listed in the Gault Millau guides. It is surrounded by the Alps and overlooks the gorgeous Matterhorn peak – lovingly known as the Toblerone Peak. To our disappointment we could not find a table, since we had not booked in advance. However, we were directed to another restaurant which was equally beautiful. The view from the small plateau where the restaurant was perched, was breathtaking. The hostess was a chirpy lady and tried to keep all the patrons warm and happy. We had a hearty meal and were wondering if we had to trudge all the way up? However, we were informed that there is a Gondola (suspended tram) that will take us back. We bought our tickets and went high up facing bitter cold and returned to the base.

The Matterhorn Peak is on the border of the Swiss and Italian Alps. It represents 4 faces which are steep and these face the compass points. No man has dared to venture this glacier. I was in awe of this huge beauty-clear, pure and mighty.

The Principality of Liechtenstein was the next stop. It is the sixth-smallest country in the world and lies in between Switzerland and Austria in the heart of Alps. History says that the Princes of Liechtenstein originally hailed from Lower Austria. They purchased the County of Vaduz and the Dominion of Schellenberg in 1699 and 1712 and merged the 2 areas via an Imperial Diploma.

Vaduz is the capital and home of the Prince of Liechtenstein. Vaduz has a car-free center and encourages tourists to walk around freely. We had a sumptuous meal at Restaurant Adler. The host was friendly, speaking fluent French and managing English. The only words we could say was merci and smile and appreciate the ambience.

We visited Bern and saw the house where Albert Einstein Lived. Being Sunday,

the house was closed, but we managed to catch a glimpse of the house (from the outside). It is located in the center of the Old City at Kramgasse 49around 200 meters from the Clock Tower (Zytglogge

On our last day, we returned to Geneva and walked towards the UN building and Geneve lake. The UN building looks so grand with all the colourful flags swaying with the wind. The Huge chair with 3 legs and one broken leg, speaks of history and stands in from of the UN building main entrance. It symbolises opposition to land mines and cluster bombs, and acts as a reminder to politicians and others visiting Geneva.

To me the trip was awesome, lots of learning and speaks history from every corner.

Fact Sheet ·         Better to have a car and drive around ·         Air BnBs are good and cost anything from 350 swiss franc to 500 swiss franc for 3 nights and 4 days ·         Take lots of warm clothes (layers, if possible), a good pair of walking shoes and an empty water bottle (water is one of the most expensive drinks in Switzerland!)

 

A Day in San Fransisco

As an avid traveler, my job allows me to travel, either to attend a conference, seminar or present papers in these events. I also ensure that I plan trips with my family as often as I can. Recently I had the opportunity to attend a course at Stanford University. Post the course I stayed back a couple of days at San Francisco, to be a tourist. Being a historian primarily, I donned the hat of both a tourist and a historian and visited some places. I booked myself on to one of the Hop-on and Hop-off buses, since I had paucity of time and did not want to spend time identifying tourist spots and other destinations.

In 1.5 days, I was able to see some interesting places.  

Chinatown

It is one of the oldest town (China town) in North America apart from being the largest Chinese commune outside Asia. It was established in 1848. It has become the home for several immigrants who find it as a “home away from home”. It is dotted with all types of shops which sell, Chinese vegetables and groceries, trinkets, souvenirs for tourists like me, hand embroidered silk Chinese coats, skirts, bags of all shapes and sizes to name a few. Historically it draws more visitors annually that the Golden Bridge Gate.

Sausalito

My friend took me on a ferry from the Bay to reach this tiny ship building centre during the World Wat 11 -Sausalito.   It is dotted with charming residential communities and unique shops (especially for tourists) and cafes. I could not visit the Bay Model and Bay Area Discovery Museum due to paucity of time.

Fisherman’s Wharf

The wharf relates the history and provides an understanding of the fishing community.

Historic signs, placed along the water’s edge of Fisherman’s Wharf by the Port of San Francisco, tell the Wharf’s history, give insight into today’s fishing community, and explain the need to protect the bay.

It was once a home to a fleet of more than 400 fishing boats. It is also known for filming the famous James Bond movie-A View to Kill (1985), where James Bond meets CIA Agent Chuck Lee to kill Max Zorin the villain.

The wharf is also dotted with little shops and boutiques. I fascinated to see shops entirely dedicated to socks, magnets, caps and sweets and candies to name a few. This apart I saw hordes of sea lions sunbathing on the wharf. They were all lying, not worried a bit, about the onlookers like me. 

Union Square

The Union Square got its name from the pro-Union rallies which was held on the eve of the Civil War. The monument is a tribute to the sailors of the United States Navy. Today it is an ideal tourist shopping attraction. It houses all the brands and shops where one can spend several hours either window shopping or buying some clothes and other accessories.  Historically the Union Square was a huge sand dune but in 1850 it was made into a public park.

Golden Gate Bridge

The massive and huge Golden Gate Bridge was built to connect San Francisco to its northern neighbours. It stretches to 1.7 miles long and is 90 feet wide. Its 4,200-foot main span between the two towers was the longest for a suspension bridge until 1981, while its 746-foot towers made it the tallest bridge of any type until 1993. It took over 5 years for the construction and was formally opened to the public in 1937. It proudly claims itself as an engineering marvel and is believed to be the most photographed bridge in the world.

Pier 35

It serves as a major cruise ship terminal and is in the Embarcadero area. It is known for the market place during the weekends. I visited the market on a Saturday and was amazed to see the fresh vegetables, fruits, sea food. There is a statue of Mahatma Gandhi which was given to the city in 1988 by the Gandhi Memorial International Foundation.  

One of my favourite sight was a doggy park, where owners walked their dogs, the dogs played and the owners chatted and admired their dogs.

Stanford University

It was founded in 1885 by Senator Leland Stanford and his wife Jane to primarily “promote the public welfare by exercising an influence in behalf of humanity and civilization”. It is nicknamed “The Farm” when horses roamed there. It is also nicknamed as “billionaire factory” it boasts of being home to Google, Hewlett Packard and other large economies. In fact, I was able to see a model of the original Google server model-made of lego. Today the University is proud to the birthplace for 19 Noble laureates and is ranked as the top three universities in the world consistently.

I used to go for long walks and discovered the Cantor Sculptor Center where I managed to see some of the great work/sculptors made by Rodin. I also encountered hares hopping across the roads. Students bicycled and were scattered all around the university. Interestingly Tiger Woods an Alumni used to practice golf in the golf course.

An Ode to Pixie

Pixie came into our life way back in 1996 as a birthday gift to my son Rohit. I used to work in an animal welfare organisation in Vadodara, when we got s call from a client saying that they wanted to give away puppies. So off I went with my colleague (who worked as an Inspector) to check on the puppies and the owners. When we entered the house 3 powerful and active Pomeranians ran to us. Apparently one was Pixie’s father, one Pixie’s mother and the other her aunt. We were taken into a room where 3 puppies were kept in a carton with a small fan to keep them cool. Vadodara is quite warm throughout the year. I just sat down on the floor when I saw the 3 adorable puppies.  I beckoned to them and one (which I picked up) jumped out of the carton and ran towards me. She was a female (while the other 2 were males), I swooped her and decided to take her home.

When I brought her home my parents were with me, my mother was an ardent animal (doggy lover-we always had a dog at home- Sheela, Danny, Priya, Toffee) while my father was a silent animal lover. When my son came home from school, he jumped with joy when he saw this small fluff of wool wagging her tail ran towards him. My husband Ravi was not too gung-ho and he did have his reasons. He stated 1) I work in an animal welfare organsisation the whole day-will I do justice in taking care of this little pixie? 2) If we need to travel who will take care of Pixie? I did agree with him, but did not want to give Pixie back and stated that we will handle these situations when required.  That is when friends like Neeta, my sister Uma and her family, Veena, Parul (though she is not very fond of animals), my neighbor Shilpa came to our rescue.

My mother was Pixie’s 1^st foster mother, she bathed, gave her Vydalin drops, brushed her and ensured that she was fed well. When my mother died in August 1996 I had to rush to Bengaluru. I left Pixie with Veena and family, I remember her ears were still floppy (not standing up) when I returned to Vadaodara, I found this excited pup with one ear managing to stand erect.

There are several instances which we will never forget thanks to Pixie. Her patience, love, kindness and the most obedient person.

She even turned Ravi around to love and adore her, so much so, when he went on his official tours, he would call to enquire if Pixie is fine, did she eat, dis she go for her walk etc. etc? Pixie also ensured that   she made people Pixie lover, if not dog lovers.

Every evening her routine was to wait for us to come back from work, Rohit from his school while she used to be the companion for my father who lived with us. She was a possessive and self-appointed care taker of my young niece Arundathi (who was then 3 years old).

One incident I will never forget is when we moved from Vadodara to Bengaluru, she flew with us. The airlines (Jet Airways I think) did not allow her to be checked in with us. So I had got a special cane basket made for her, slightly sedated her (so that she is not scared of being alone) and checked her in. We had to change flights in Mumbai so I sought special permission to go and check on her. When I opened the basket to feed her some water, she looked away and as probably angry with me. I tried to take her for a walk, trying to find a small piece of grass on the tarmac so that she could relieve herself. She refused to be walked. It was time for us to get on the flight from Mumbai to Bengaluru (perhaps a painful 1 hr. 20 minutes’ flight for both Pixie and I). Once we landed in Benagluru I rushed to bring her, placed her on the luggage trolley. She proudly sat there with full of glee (and perhaps forgave me instantly-since that was her nature).

She dies after living with us for over 14 years. Personally she taught me patience, thankfulness, kindness to name a few. I miss her a lot but have my brownies, whiteys and several other strays I meet every day.

Thank you Pixie for coming into our life. I will always miss you.

Let’s discuss Climate Change – how about some theatrics?

http://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/blog/let’s-discuss-climate-change-–-how-about-some-theatrics\\In the run up to the COP21 in Paris, 150+ countries announced ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) that aimed at reducing emissions, through a set of voluntary domestic carbon abatement and green growth actions. As a next step in the process, these INDC’s needed to be converted into actionable national targets, which can be achieved by countries through a concerted action involving all key stakeholders to include government, academia, private sector, and most importantly citizens. Given the participatory nature of such actions and transformational nature of some of the low carbon policy actions involved, it becomes extremely crucial to engage citizens in order to have an informed discussion and debate. Several organisations and Think Tanks have already been working toward creating awareness and sharing information in this endeavour.

Over the recent years, Think Tanks and organisations have been attempting to adopt different modes of communication to engage stakeholders to create awareness on issues which are of high importance to society. In today’s world, technology is used as an effective mode of communication by using social media platforms, conducting informed debates through virtual means, publishing blogs and articles, using online portals to propagate, educate and communicate. However, in a country like India, while several people have access to the latest technology, a large part, still rely on non-technology modes of communication. For this purpose, one effective mode of communication could be theatre - including dance, songs, mime - to simplistically communicate complex issues such as climate change, which involve the country and citizens.

Theatre as a developmental Tool

Theatre as a tool, over the years, has helped masses understand complex social issues affecting their lives and find effective solutions. As a powerful communication tool, theatre cuts across literacy skills, reaches to a wide audience (both young and old), and also appeals to the emotions of people while at the same time educating them as well.

Some of the major usages of theatre are:

• Delivering and sharing information
• Encouraging participation of people, who may have not have had the opportunity to engage on the issue
• Challenging people to think and respond
• Providing several alternate narratives rather than recommending one definite solution
• Communicating in a simple manner a complex social and scientific message

In India, theatre is relevant due to the variety of forms which include songs, folk lore, music, dance and drama. It not only touches the emotional aspect of a human being but also is a form of entertainment where the masses respond emotionally and are also open to receiving serious messages in an experiential manner. Much like any other transitioning economy, despite other powerful channels of communication using technology, theatre remains an important medium for disseminating information in India. 

Experimenting a Theatre Production on Climate Change

Since 2012, the Global Green Growth Insitutute (GGGI) and the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP)  have been working with the Government of Karnataka state in India, to address the challenges of reconciling faster economic growth with environmental sustainability. In December 2014, the Honourable Chief Minister of Karnataka, Shri Siddaramaiah, launched the ‘Green Growth Strategy for Karnataka’, identifying implementation barriers, policy implications, investment requirements and possible funding sources for specific green growth opportunities, and concluding with concrete recommendations for policy makers. Since early 2015, GGGI and CSTEP have been working closely with the government in supporting the implementation of key opportunities – some of which require difficult policy decision as well as behavioural changes in the society. This is where engagement with citizens and awareness building becomes crucial.

With this intent, GGGI and CSTEP partnered with Kriyative Theatre , a group that has been using theatre to educate people about crucial issues, to produce a play called “Carbon Cake” which revolves around ‘Global Warming’. The play has been written after conducting extensive research on the phenomenon of climate change, and also interfacing and dialoguing with several experts. It attempts to communicate the causes and devastating impacts of global warming, and also highlights the responsibility and ownership of masses towards mitigating it. This is done through the story of a man who tries to fight the menace of carbon emissions through an invention of his own, called ‘carbon cake’ – after which the play is also named.

Lessons learned

Perhaps the first such play to be staged on this topic in India, ‘Carbon Cake’ is science fiction, mystery and drama rolled into one. Since this is done through an entertaining thriller, scientific explanations and actual clippings from documentaries on the subject, the play has been tremendously successful in educating the audience about the issue and advocating effective means of countering global warming. Our experience with ‘Carbon Cake’ clearly shows that theatre can become an interesting tool to raise awareness on complex issues such as climate change research, where given the technical nature of the subject and the wide set of stakeholder involved, the message has to be easily communicable, both in terms of language and the mode of communication.

Themes: 

Climate Change, Development

Countries: 

India

The opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the GGKP or its Partners.